Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• of structures that often do not correspond to the original wax type [20][42]. Due to the ring-shaped accumulation and the resulting pattern, this effect is called the “coffee drop effect” [47][48]. This undesirable effect can be avoided by the solvent-free process of physical vapor deposition (PVD

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• , recrystallization studies with thermal evaporation of waxes on artificial surfaces were carried out by Niemietz [38]. However, such solvent-free recrystallization of tubules requires storage at 50 °C for a couple of days. For our study we used a fast evaporating solvent, which provides a faster recrystallization

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• ]. However, the microwave discharge technique, which is fast, solvent-free, and easy to set up technically, has not been explored to its fullest potential to synthesize different nanomaterials with controlled morphology. In this communication, we report on the microwave-induced electric discharge synthesis

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• Kolliphor HS 15. The experimental results indicate, that nanoemulsions with particles of small and tunable size can be easily formed without homogenization by thermal cycling. Keywords: cellular toxicity; isotonicity; nanoemulsion; phase inversion; solvent free; surface properties; Introduction Nanoscaled

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• size by applying the Debye–Scherrer method was unsuccessful due to peak overlap and coexistence of multiple phases as described later. The samples were further activated according to the procedure previously reported for DUT-98(1) [20]. Solvent-free white powders, and in the case of DUT-98(4), low

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• materials that were applied in supercapacitor electrodes. In detail, a mechanochemical solvent-free one-pot synthesis is used and combined with a thermal treatment. Polyurethane is an ideal precursor already containing nitrogen in its backbone, yielding nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials with N content

• in a solvent-free manner [50][51][52]. Mechanochemistry is an innovative synthesis concept that can be conducted without solvents. It is cost-efficient and sustainable at the same time [53]. Mechanochemistry is well established in the field of pharmaceutical [54][55], organic [56][57][58], and

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• nanoparticles is shown here to be another means to deliver effectively and safely FluPep ligand with enhanced activity in a solvent-free formulation. In relation to the safety of a nanoparticle formulation of FluPep, the fate of nanoparticles delivered in murid rodents has been examined [40][41][42][43][44][45

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• water. The mechanism of this transformation between the CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and their morphology change are studied, involving ions equilibrium, anisotropic growth kinetics, and CsBr-stripping process. Keywords: CsPbBr3 PNCs; Cs4PbBr6 PNCs; polar-solvent-free; reversible transformation

• attempts have been made to synthesize PNCs without the use of polar solvents. Tong’s group demonstrated the single-step and polar-solvent-free synthesis of CsPbX3 PNCs with tunable halide ion composition and thickness through the direct ultrasonication of precursors [29]. Whereas this method has been

• reported for synthesizing PNCs without using polar solvents, it does not allow for a control over dimensionality and phase transformation. We recently reported a fast, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and polar-solvent-free strategy for synthesizing all-inorganic CsPbBr3 NCs with tunable shape and size

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• early–late intermetallic nanoparticles by a solvent-free route employing a melt of the reducing agent (Na/K)BEt3H [26]. We like to put our results into this context. Herein we demonstrate that RE(amd)3 releases the RE component by selective thermolysis even in the absence of additional reducing agents

Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit

• Manuel Caño-García,
• Morten A. Geday,
• Manuel Gil-Valverde,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1573–1581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.149

• considered acceptable for the simple custom-made unit tested here. It should be noted that RMS is higher on average for solvent-free materials. This result can be explained assuming that the solvent somewhat flattens the samples diffusing their roughness. The difference is not large, except in a few NOA81

• and Ormostamp samples of the same batch, of which the manufacturing protocol was possibly biased. Blazing and back angles clearly show the superior performance of solvent-free materials (NOA81 and Ormostamp) in reproducing the master. Solvents, as commented above, tend to flatten the fresh samples

• before curing. This has a dramatic effect on the angles. While solvent-free Ormostamp angles are above 90% and NOA81 angles are above 80% of the master angle, materials employing solvents barely reach 50% or less of this angle. This issue is extremely important, since the inability of reproducing these

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• technology is demonstrated. Keywords: multifunctional; polymer coating; surface modification; surface patterning; vapor deposition; Review Introduction Vapor-based processes of polymer coating/deposition combine many unique attributes in a dry, solvent-free process, and the deposition protocols as well as

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• solvent-based methods becomes considerably more challenging due to the lack of solubility in common commercial solvents, which limits processability and leads to poor wettability. These challenges can be overcome with oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). oCVD is a single step, solvent-free

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.7.182 Abstract Luminescent organic dots (O-dots) were synthesized via a one-pot, solvent-free thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt

• special, sophisticated equipment, such as autoclaves and/or microwave setups. In this paper, we have focused our efforts on the development of a new procedure for the solvent-free synthesis of O-dots via thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt. In this procedure, facile tuning of optical characteristics

• , solvent-free method to synthesize luminescent organic dots (O-dots) with tunable luminescent properties. Synthesized O-dots combine the properties of dyes to provide differential staining of cells in various functional states, and the ability to inhibit enzymatic activity in highly metabolizing cells. The

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• shown in Figure 10 [53]. Nayak et al. [118] carried out the solvent-free side-wall functionalization of SWNTs with 4-vinylaniline through atom transfer radical polymerization. Different functional groups yield varying interfacial interaction strengths with the polymer matrix [118]. MLG and CNTs can be

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Afterward, the catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst was investigated for the solvent-free synthesis of 1

• azide/triethyl orthoformate, in the presence of Cu NPs/bentonite (0.05 g) under solvent-free conditions at 120 °C. A series of primary aromatic amines were converted into the corresponding 1-substituted tetrazoles with sodium azide and triethyl orthoformate using Cu NPs/bentonite in high yields under

• thermal and solvent-free conditions (Table 2). The influence of various substituents in different ortho, meta or para positions on the type of products were examined. Amines containing both electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing groups underwent the conversion in good to excellent yield. The Cu NPs

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• being chemically inert towards the polymeric matrix selected. The electrolyte would also need to have an acceptable conductivity of the magnesium ions at room temperature. Another strategy, which is far more challenging, is to create a solvent free solid state medium that enables magnesium ion

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• of solvents deposited on the nano-Fe3O4 surfaces is a major challenge, which restricts their practical applications [12]. Hence, it is crucial to develop a straightforward and solvent-free process for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Herein, we report a simple method that directly affords a

Zeolites as nanoporous, gas-sensitive materials for in situ monitoring of DeNO_x-SCR

• Thomas Simons and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 667–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.76

• solvent molecules, such as H2O or NH3 in concentrations of about 10 ppmv and above, leads to an increase of the proton mobility up to a temperature of 420 °C [24]. Above this temperature, desorption of the solvent molecules occurs. While the proton transport in the solvent-free zeolite can be described by

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• solid-state emission spectrum of the solvent-free [Zn2(adc)2(dabco)] crystals (Figure 3b, blue) displays an emission maximum at 429 nm with a vibrational band at 453 nm, similar to the emission from monomeric anthracene [36][43]. This behaviour shall be used as a sensoric principle in future projects

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94